\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}{Introduction to Parsing Morphologically Rich Languages}}{1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}{What is Parsing?}}{2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}{Representation}}{3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.2}{Modeling}}{6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.3}{Learning}}{9}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.4}{Decoding}}{11}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.5}{Evaluation}}{13}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.6}{Syntactic Analysis and Disambiguation}}{14}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}{What are Morphologically Rich Languages?}}{17}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}{Words and Morphemes}}{19}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}{Morphological Forms}}{20}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.3}{Morphological Functions}}{23}
\contentsline {paragraph}{A note on function words and phrase-Level morphology.}{24}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.4}{Morphological Processes}}{25}
\contentsline {paragraph}{(i) Derivational Morphology.}{25}
\contentsline {paragraph}{(ii) Inflectional Morphology.}{25}
\contentsline {paragraph}{(iii) Compounds and Clitics.}{26}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Morphological Synthesis Across Languages}{26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.5}{Morphological Analysis and Disambiguation}}{27}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Some observations on Table 1.2\hbox {}}{28}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Morphological Analysis}{29}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Morphological Disambiguation}{31}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}{What is this Book About?}}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}{Morphosyntactic Analysis and Disambiguation}}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.2}{The Overarching Challenges}}{36}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.3}{Structure and Plan}}{38}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}{Summary and Further Reading}}{38}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}{Phrase-Structure Parsing}}{40}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}{Representation}}{40}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}{Grammar-Based Modeling}}{48}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Probabilistic Modeling}}{48}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Joint Morphological and Syntactic Modeling}}{49}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Context-Free Grammars}}{50}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars}}{51}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}{Decoding}}{53}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{The CKY Algorithm}}{53}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Lattice-Based Decoding}}{54}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Improving Decoding Efficiency}}{58}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Active Chart Parsing}}{58}
\contentsline {paragraph}{\bf Active Chart Parsing and the CKY algorithm}{62}
\contentsline {paragraph}{\bf Active Chart Parsing for MRLs}{63}
\contentsline {paragraph}{\em Constituent-Best Chart Parsing}{63}
\contentsline {paragraph}{\em Edge-Best Chart Parsing}{65}
\contentsline {paragraph}{\em A* Parsing}{65}
\contentsline {paragraph}{\em Best-First And A* Search for MRLs}{66}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Coarse-to-Fine Parsing}}{66}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}{Learning}}{67}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{Treebank Grammars}}{67}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{{PCFG Refinements}}{69}
\contentsline {paragraph}{History-Based Modeling}{69}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Head-Driven Models}{71}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Three-dimensional Parametrization}{75}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Automatic State-Splits}{76}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}{Evaluation}}{79}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}{Graph-Based Modeling}}{79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}{Decoding}}{79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}{Learning}}{79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.3}{Evaluation}}{79}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}{Coping with Discontinuous Constituents}}{79}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}{Summary and Further Reading}}{79}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}{Dependency Parsing}}{80}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}{Representation}}{80}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}{Transition-Based Modeling}}{81}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}{Decoding}}{81}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}{Learning}}{81}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}{Evaluation}}{81}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}{Graph-Based Modeling}}{81}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}{Decoding}}{81}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}{Learning}}{81}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}{Evaluation}}{81}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}{Coping with Non-Projective Dependencies}}{81}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}{Summary and Further Reading}}{81}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}{Evaluation Metrics and Universal Schemes}}{82}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}{Evaluation Metrics}}{82}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}{Universal Schemes}}{82}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}{Summary and Further Reading}}{82}
\contentsline {chapter}{\hbox to\@tempdima {\hfil }{Author's Biography}}{86}
